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Biochemical and omics biomarkers in cognition Classical CSF and plasma biomarkers A40 / A42 (important ratio in amyloid pathology) Total tau / p-tau181 / p-tau217 (tauopathic markers) Neurofilament light (NfL) : axonal degeneration marker GFAP : astrocytic activation BDNF and pro-BDNF : neurotrophic activity IL-6, TNF, IL-1 : neuroinflammation Transcriptomics and epigenomics Hippocampal RNA-seq after chronic administration of Semax or Selank often reveals a neurotrophic activation signature (BDNF, NT3, NGF, NR4A1-3) coupled with anti-inflammatory modulation (NF-B targets down)

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PIK3CA-mutant and wild-type (WT) proliferated at similar rates in media containing both glucose and glutamine, but parental cell lines succumbed faster than WT clones in glutamine-depleted media (123)

Cellular coordination mechanisms

Hepatology 36 , 12851291 (2002)