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For research use, the more controlled setup is a dedicated refrigerator with a thermometer or data logger, a stable shelf location, and a box that protects the vial from light

doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123718

Subsequently, the PDT groups underwent light irradiation

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Drug concentration, overall charge, molecular physicochemical attributes, molecular volume, solubility partition coefficient, and area of skin employed for application all affect iontophoretic drug delivery, and the effectiveness of iontophoretic transfer is also influenced by skin surface intactness, stratum thickness, and area-specific differences in blood flow in different areas of the skin [94,95]