Literature has shown that GLP-1 receptor signaling in astrocytes, particularly in the hindbrain, can partly mediate GLP-1-induced suppression of food intake
Include probiotic-rich foods : Fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, and kimchi introduce beneficial bacteria that may help restore gut imbalance
Likewise, exosomes derived from stromal cells reinforce tumor progression by transporting growth signals and metabolic substrates, underscoring the bidirectional nature of EV-mediated communication within the TME (125)
The top 5 companies in the cardiovascular drugs industry account for approximately 70% of the market share, including Pfizer, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Bayer, and Johnson & Johnson
Lifestyle factors that support metabolic health and may influence GLP-1 function: Regular physical activity : Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and may enhance incretin response, with both aerobic and resistance training showing benefits