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After that, the mixture was transferred into the column and pre-washed with wash buffer (PBS, contained 0, 10, or 30 mmol/L imidazole, pH = 7.6), followed by elution buffer (PBS, contained 300 mmol/L imidazole, pH = 7.6)

1,3-BPG may be metabolized to 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), also known as 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), thus wasting the high-energy phosphate bond in position 1 of the glycerate

For instance, glutathione requires other cofactors and processes along the methylation pathway and must pass through the liver to be activated for use

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Another mechanism by which IF regulates mitochondrial dynamics is through the induction of mitophagy [83]