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Abbreviations CKD: Chronic kidney disease ECM: Extracellular matrix CTGF: Connective tissue growth factor Shh: Sonic Hedgehog TGF-: Transforming growth factor beta pEMT: Partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition -SMA: Alpha smooth muscle actin TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNFAIP8: TNF--induced protein 8 MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 IL-1: Interleukin-1 MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases PDGFR-: platelet-derived growth factor receptor- FSP-1: Fibroblast-specific protein 1 FOLR2: Folate Receptor MMT: Macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition TBK1: TANK-binding kinase 1 UUO: Unilateral ureteral obstruction PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor TLRs: Toll-like receptors LRPs: Low-density lipoprotein-related receptors FZD: Frizzled Dsh/DVL: Dishevelled TCF/LEF: T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor CBP: Cyclic AMP response-element-binding protein-binding protein PAI-1: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ROS: Reactive oxygen species AKI: Acute kidney injury Treg: Regulatory T cell FOXO: Forkhead box O S1P: Sphingosine 1-phosphate SphK: Sphingosine kinases NETs: Neutrophil extracellular traps GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor PAMPs: Pathogen associated molecular patterns LPS: Lipopolysaccharide iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase Arg1: Arginase 1 CCR2: C-C chemokine receptor type 2 BIVA: Bioactivated in vivo assembly BIVA-PK: Bioactivated in vivo assembly peptide NK: Natural killer FSGS: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis SR-FSGS: Steroid-resistant FSGS eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate BMP-7: Bone morphogenetic protein-7 PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog ncRNA: Noncoding RNA DKK1: Dickkopf-1 Sfrp1: Secreted frizzled protein 1 FGF-2: Fibroblast growth factor-2 RAS: Reninangiotensin system NFkB: Nuclear factor-B MR: Mineralocorticoid receptor MRA: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists NKD2: Naked cuticle 2 SGLT2: Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 SGLT2i: SGLT2 inhibitor ACEIs: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ARBs: Angiotensin receptor blockers SOD: Superoxide dismutase GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase FGFR: Fibroblast growth factor receptors VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor STAT: Signal transducer and activator of transcription mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase SIRT1: Sirtuin 1 ERR: Estrogen-related receptor OAT1: Organic anion transporter 1 References Liu Y

Gilbertson RJ, Graham TA