Crotty Alexander also mentioned that scientists are working on creating a high throughput system that can rapidly detect the toxicity of multiple samples
Stress response pathways The expressions of various stress-related proteins, including heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1), heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90), heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27), and phosphorylated HSP27, and antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), mitochondria SOD (SOD2), and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPx4), were measured among smokers and non-smokers
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"About seven million adults in SA are smokers and the World Health Organisation estimates smoking rates will spike by 50% in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2050