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Abrams, Allison M

24 Another important factor, not previously much emphasised, is the possibility of reverse causalitythat is, some reduction in the apparent risk of death among current smokers because of a tendency for people to give up smoking after they begin to be affected by some life threatening condition (table 2), whether or not their illness was caused by smoking

Causes of smoking Causes of smoking are different for different groups of people

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Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute 2014)