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Unlike biological kits, a cotinine surface test uses a physical swab to detect invisible third-hand smoke and nicotine residue left behind on environmental surfaces like walls, vehicles, furniture, or clothing

Pankow, professor of chemistry and engineering at Portland State University in Oregon told NBC News

The Stunner and Tempest are pocket-sized ball vapes and can deliver extremely potent one-hit extractions

It is based on the physical sensations a person experiences during physical activity, including increased heart rate, increased respiration or breathing rate, increased sweating, and muscle fatigue (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2022)

Robert Jackler, a head and neck surgeon and founder of Stanford University Research into the Impact of Tobacco Advertising